Both. Most people depend on literally thousands of interactions per day to survive: to eat, to have medicine,to travel, etc
These interactions depend on countless people around the world to do things no person fully understands.
This applies to most nations.
And it means most people are caught up in a small fragment of a system so mind boggling complex that will exploit them without anyone fully comprehending the why and how.
Can’t escape things one can’t understand
People learn to pass tests, and do computer labs. They have hands on experience in several computer languages. But that is a far cry from what is really needed.
Probably most schools give the fundamentals regardless of country.
Can’t tell who has talent until they try to work a lot; often the people who do not code on their own are not very good, period
I think a student should at least do a few hours average work each week on their own projects , regardless of tech stack. It really shows after 4 years.
it’s like night and day between those that do this as a hobby and go to school ; verses the people who pass tests and do group projects in the labs but don’t do anything outside of what is required.