Technology

Specifically they are completely incapable of unifying information into a self consistent model.

To use an analogy you see a shadow and know its being cast by some object with a definite shape, even if you can't be sure what that shape is. An LLM sees a shadow and its idea of what's casting it is as fuzzy and mutable as the shadow itself.

Funnily enough old school AI from the 70s, like logic engines, possessed a super-human ability for logical self consistancy. A human can hold contradictory beliefs without realizing it, a logic engine is incapable of self-contradiction once all of the facts in its database have been collated. (This is where the SciFi idea of robots like HAL-9000 and Data from Star Trek come from.) However this perfect reasoning ability left logic engines completely unable to deal with contradictory or ambiguous information, as well as logical paradoxes. They were also severely limited by the fact that practically everything they knew had to be explicitly programmed into them. So if you wanted one to be able to hold a conversion in plain English you would have to enter all kinds of information that we know implicitly, like the fact that water makes things wet or that most, but not all, people have two legs. A basically impossible task.

With the rise of machine learning and large artificial neural networks we solved the problem of dealing with implicit, ambiguous, and paradoxical information but in the process completely removed the ability to logically reason.

They’re really just basic input output mechanisms.

I mean, I'd argue they're highly complex I/O mechanisms, which is how you get weird hallucinations that developers can't easily explain.

But expecting cognition out of a graph is like demanding novelty out of a plinko machine. Not only do you get out what you get in, but you get a very statistically well-determined output. That's the whole point. The LLM isn't supposed to be doing high level cognitive extrapolations. It's supposed to be doing statistical aggregates on word association using a natural language schema.

That is accurate, but people who design and distribute the LLMs refer to the process as machine learning and use terms like hallucinations which is the primary cause of the confusion.

Bullshit, they are prediction engines biased from their input. Saying that no one understands what they do is a gross simplification. Do you understand how encoders work? Great! Then there is a common vocabulay! Now we move on to a probability matrix given those inputs, and we get the out put token witch circles through the input layer.

How do you define “understand”?

I just like the analogy of a dashboard with knobs. Input text on one wide output text on the other. "Training" AI is simply letting the knobs adjust themselves based on feedback of the output. AI never "learns" it only produces output based on how the knobs are dialed in. Its not a magic box, its just a lot of settings converting data to new data.