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Josh Gibson became Major League Baseball's career leader with a .372 batting average, surpassing Ty Cobb's .367, when Negro Leagues records for more than 2,300 players were incorporated Tuesday after a three-year research project.

Gibson's .466 average for the 1943 Homestead Grays became the season standard, followed by Charlie "Chino" Smith's .451 for the 1929 New York Lincoln Giants. They overtook the .440 by Hugh Duffy for the National League's Boston team in 1894.

Gibson also became the career leader in slugging percentage (.718) and OPS (1.177), moving ahead of Babe Ruth (.690 and 1.164).

"This initiative is focused on ensuring that future generations of fans have access to the statistics and milestones of all those who made the Negro Leagues possible," baseball commissioner Rob Manfred said in a statement. "Their accomplishments on the field will be a gateway to broader learning about this triumph in American history and the path that led to Jackie Robinson's 1947 Dodger debut."

A special committee on baseball records decided in 1969 to recognize six major leagues dating to 1876: the National (which launched in 1876), the American (1901), the American Association (1882-1891), Union Association (1884), Players' League (1890) and Federal League (1914-1915). It excluded the National Association (1871-75), citing an "erratic schedule and procedures."

MLB announced in December 2020 that it would be "correcting a longtime oversight" by adding the Negro Leagues. John Thorn, MLB's official historian, chaired a 17-person committee that included Negro Leagues experts and statisticians.

MLB umpire Ángel Hernández is retiring effective immediately, ending a controversial three-decade-long career that in recent years turned Hernández into a source of consternation with players and a punching bag among fans on social media.

The 62-year-old Hernández, who in a statement confirmed earlier reports he would be retiring, reached a settlement to leave Major League Baseball, according to a source, and will leave after umpiring thousands of games since his debut in 1991.

Hernández, who worked his last game May 9 and was replaced on Lance Barksdale's crew by Jacob Metz, sued MLB in 2017, alleging the league had engaged in racial discrimination. The lawsuit was thrown out by a district court judge, a decision upheld by an appeals court last year.

With a penchant for bad calls -- during a 2018 playoff game, he had three calls reversed by replay in the first four innings -- Hernández received a disproportionate amount of odium from fans. The lawsuit only added to the animus Hernández generated, and the groundswell grew to the point that Hernández retired after missing much of the 2023 season with a back injury.

An automated ball-strike system may be headed to Major League Baseball sometime in the future, but any such changes are unlikely to take place by the 2025 season.

Commissioner Rob Manfred, speaking after the conclusion of the owners meetings at MLB’s offices in midtown Manhattan, said that some “issues” remain in the Minor Leagues, likely delaying the installment of the system -- widely known as ABS -- until at least 2026.

“We still have some technical issues; I don't mean technology, I mean technical issues in terms of the operation of the system,” Manfred said. “We haven't made as much progress in the Minor Leagues this year as we hoped at this point. I think it's becoming more and more likely that this will not be a go for ’25.

“One thing we did learn with the changes that we went through last year is taking the extra time to make sure you have it right is definitely the best approach. I think we're going to use that same approach here.”

Among the issues are the definition of the strike zone and setting the strike zone for individual batters, which can be based on percentages of a player’s height or the positioning of camera systems.

“I'm not sure that anybody is wholly satisfied with either approach,” Manfred said. “We have not started those conversations [with the MLBPA] because we haven't settled on what we think about it. It’s hard to have those conversations before you know what you're thinking.”

Manfred said there has been progress -- a “growing consensus,” as he put it -- based largely on feedback from players that if and when ABS makes it way to the Majors, the Challenge form “should be the form of ABS … at least as a starting point.” That system gives each team a limited number of challenges in each game to use in order to review a ball or strike call.

“Originally we thought everybody was going to be wholeheartedly in favor of the idea; if you can get it right every single time, that's a great idea,” Manfred said. “One thing we've learned in these meetings is that the players feel there could be other effects on the game that would be negative if you used it full-blown. The second one is those who have played with it do have a strong preference for the Challenge system over ABS calling every pitch. That has certainly altered our thinking on where we might be headed.”

One of those effects -- or as Manfred put it, “unintended consequences” -- of instituting a system in which ABS calls every pitch is the effect it would have on catchers who excel in framing.

“I think the players feel that a catcher that frames is part of the art of the game,” Manfred said. “If in fact framing is no longer important, the kind of players that would occupy that position might be different than they are today. You could hypothesize a world where instead of a premium catcher who's focused on defense, the catching position becomes a more offensive player. That alters people's careers, so those are real, legitimate concerns that we need to think all the way through before we jump off that bridge.”