Waving signs reading "You want war, we are ready!" and the red flags of the powerful IG Metall Union, employees at plants across the country walked out over management plans to make huge cuts. VW has been hit hard by high manufacturing costs at home, a stuttering shift to electric vehicles and tough competition in key market China.
The VW group -- which owns 10 brands from Audi and Porsche to Skoda and Seat -- said it "respects workers' rights" and believes in "constructive dialogue" in a bid to reach "a lasting solution that is collectively supported". It also said that it had taken "measures to guarantee urgent deliveries" during the strike action.
IG Metall and the works council have fought to protect jobs since VW announced in September that it was weighing the unprecedented step of shutting some plants in Germany, where it has around 120,000 employees. "Our colleagues are angry. Their jobs have been under threat for three months and they have been waiting for a chance to finally show what they think," an IG Metall spokesman at the VW factory in the eastern city of Zwickau told AFP.
Thousands of workers marched alongside a line of new electric cars leaving the Zwickau plant as part of the industrial action, with walkouts also observed at plants from Hanover to VW's historic headquarters of Wolfsburg.
IG Metall announced at the weekend that industrial action would get underway Monday with a series of "warning strikes", which are short walks-outs, after the company had last week rejected the union's proposals for protecting jobs.
Union negotiator Thorsten Groeger has warned it will be "the toughest wage dispute Volkswagen has ever seen". He charged that "Volkswagen has set fire to our collective bargaining agreements" and that the company board was now "throwing open petrol drums into it". "What follows now is the conflict that Volkswagen brought about -- We did not want it, but we will conduct it as committedly as necessary."
The crisis at the German industrial titan comes as the eurozone's top economy struggles, and amid heightened political uncertainty with elections looming in February. Volkswagen's perilous financial position was highlighted in October when it reported a 64 percent plunge in third-quarter profit to 1.58 billion euros ($1.7 billion). Slowing business in China, where homegrown rivals are outselling the German carmaker, has been a particularly heavy blow.
VW cited "economic reasons" last week when it announced the sale of its operations in China's Xinjiang, though the company had also been under pressure to exit the northwestern region due to human rights concerns. Further clouding the outlook is an EU move to impose hefty tariffs on Chinese-made electric cars, which VW fears could trigger retaliatory steps. Its woes reflect a broader crisis in the European auto industry, with demand weak and the transition to electric cars slower than expected.
In Germany, VW, BMW and Mercedes-Benz have all downgraded their profit forecasts recently while key suppliers to the industry have been announcing job cuts.
Next week: Germany moves all production to wherever.