this post was submitted on 22 Jun 2023
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The main difference will be if you have an Intel processor generation 10 or higher. The whole reason windows 11 was created is because Intel released their asymmetrical core architecture in the 10th generation processors.
One of the core parts of an operating system is the CPU scheduler. This is what juggles all the different things that are happening in the fore and background in order to make the computer work properly. On the surface the CPU scheduler is a rather simple function as far as reading and understanding the code, but it is the kind of thing that a tiny change can have massive repercussions in unexpected ways. It is designed to have a delicate balance that is very easy to screw up.
One of the fundamental aspects of the CPU scheduler used in W10 is that it assumes all of cores your computer has are the same. Rewriting the CPU scheduler required a whole new rewrite of Windows to accommodate a much more complex architecture with some faster and some slower cores and a different spin up rate to go from idle to max speed on the two types, along with some differences in speed even on cores with adjacent threads. It also required changes to cache management strategies. This still isn't fully publicly documented for W11. I just know the way the scheduler changed in Linux and watched a conference with John Brown, the main Intel open source developer who mentioned that the 10th gen asymmetry was the main trigger for W11.
Win11 also supports something called DirectStorage which is useful for gaming, but I don't know any games which support it.