That's not really how sex and gender work, as the other person already pointed out, but in reality the distinction is much simpler. When talking about humans:

Male/Female: adjectives

Man/Woman: nouns

She is a woman. She's a female professor. She is talking to her male colleague. He's a man.

It's really as simple as that.

The only time you'd use female/male as nouns is when talking about animals.

The lion is on guard, as another male approaches. The females keep their distance.