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How the heck does one not notice that a sheet of titanium is fake? That stuff is special, and if your sheets are suddenly totally different, one should notice that by a number of parameters.
Still titanium, but likely sourced differently and not batch tested to verify exact mechanical properties. Only time you'd tell the difference is when it fails prematurely.
Presumably there must be something physically different about the weaker titanium, like a different structure of all the crystals in it or something? Is there any way to measure that?
Sometimes only by destructive testing. But either way, the high cost of the parts is the paper trail verifying the testing to a certain standard.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence
That's a popular way to analyze composition.
I'm aware that it can analyze chemical composition (I work in a factory that relates to such devices), but I'm unaware of them being able to detect things like weaknesses in a grain structure, the devices I'm familiar with at least would just tell you if a piece of titanium has other elements contaminating it. Unless there's more that can be done with them than I've had explained to me, which is possible
I don't know about crystalline structure, but impurities are probably the most common way that a sample might fail testing. I'm sure that improper annealing or something would also cause problems, but I'm not a metallurgist so I can't say for sure.