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Since you mention gaming and learning how to troubleshoot games on Linux. This conditions your questions to whether that laptop has an Nvidia graphics card or not. Nvidia has an awful support in linux which creates all sorts of problems and limitations.
Regardless, I would suggest to use bazzite, but be warned, this is an immutable distro. They're entirely different from traditional distros and relatively newer. So there's a bit less support history on the web. Nevertheless, they provide a strong secure and stable system that should make having rescue tools less critical and keep your system alive and healthy indefinitely. Bazzite also sets up everything for gaming automatically from install.
Thanks for the heads up. My guinea pig laptop will not be having games on it. I may try out Factorio down the road to see if it'll run, but that's more to test than to play. This machine will be pretty much a Crunchyroll/web browsing machine.
I suppose one things I forgot to include in my main post, now that I think about it, is protection. Windows typically has a lot of safeguards built in, so I'm pretty comfortable torrenting stuff online. How does this work with other Linux distros? Do they all have their own systems already in place, or is this something I need to set up myself? And how careful do I have to be about download stuff online, or browsing the web?
Depends on your risk model. Almost all VPNs have a linux client available, most installers can setup whole disk encryption, and they even support secureboot. There's also antivirus that detect malicious software that target all OSs.
Linux is also far more private and secure than Windows. If you felt safe torrenting on Windows you were misled.
First off you don't want to be downloading things off the internet. Linux systems are build with packages so you install the packages you need. Flatpaks are also packages but they are sandboxed and often are much newer versions. You can install flatpaks as a local user or system wide.
As far a security goes, securing Linux is actually a pretty complex topic. You could start by turning on the Firewall as on Linux Mint there is even a GUI for that.
For serious security you want to setup mandatory access controls (MAC). This is a really complex topic but you might be able to use defaults. Basically what MAC does is it restricts apps to only have the access they absolutely need.
Just two cents on "downloading". System setup and programs are basically all from your distro's package manager with sometimes a couple of things from GitHub if you have particular needs.
For the rest of stuff (media / files / more) there is no windows defender and I don't personally try to chase down antivirus. You can totally get malicious stuff out there so maybe don't click pop ups and download everything the pirate bay has to offer, but security is more baked into the Linux permission structure and user space. Find a guide and do it "the Linux way" if you decide you need to go set up deluge or transmission with a private tracker to get some Linux ISOs for personal use.
Some people do a lot of sweating over the security of the system, but I would generally say if you need that... you'll know it. Sure a VPN is a good idea (I don't use one for anything), good permissions are important (I don't play the immutable OS game), and encryption may have a place for you (or maybe not, not everyone needs a luks filesystem system encrypted at rest); but you're making a setup that you can use / prefer to use. Make your own call, basically anything on the beaten track is safe enough and sane enough.