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An investigation by the independent Russian media outlet The Insider has uncovered the involvement of four major Chinese banks in the transfer of funds to companies supplying sanctioned equipment to Russian oil firms. They are:

• China Everbright Bank Beijing
• Bank of Ningbo
• Bank of China
• Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC).

An analysis of equipment deliveries to Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom reveals details of the transactions.